Duart Castle: Symbol of Clan Maclean

On the windswept Isle of Mull, west of the Scottish coast, stands Duart Castle (Duart Castle or Caisteal Dhubhairt)—one of the oldest and most recognisable castles in the region. Its austere grey walls, up to two meters thick in some places and built in the 13th century, have withstood centuries of storms, battles, and time itself, becoming a symbol of resilience and Scottish history. The castle served as the home of the Macleans (Clan Maclean), one of Scotland’s most influential clans. 

Duart’s history is turbulent: it changed hands multiple times during bloody inter-clan battles and Cromwell’s military campaigns in the 17th century. In 1691, the castle was seized and destroyed. However, centuries later, in 1911, Sir Fitzroy Maclean, the clan’s 26th leader, restored it as a symbol of their heritage. The restoration included both the exterior and interiors, allowing visitors today to experience the spirit of medieval Scotland. 

Strategically located on a promontory overlooking the Sound of Mull, Duart Castle offers stunning views of the sea. Inside its massive stone walls are details that evoke knightly feasts and bygone grandeur. 

The castle remains alive today as the private property of the Maclean family but is open to visitors. It houses a small collection of artefacts associated with the clan, including ancient weapons, ceramics, household items, and the famous tartan used for Scottish kilts.

Dunstanburgh Castle: The Lancaster Fortress 

On the northern coast of Northumberland, amidst green hills and rocky cliffs, lie the picturesque ruins of Dunstanburgh Castle. Built in the early 14th century, the castle was envisioned as a grand fortress by Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, a member of the Plantagenet dynasty. The Earl, one of England’s most powerful barons, was in fierce conflict with his cousin, King Edward II. The castle was meant to symbolise his power and wealth, as well as serve as a refuge in times of conflict. However, fate had other plans: in 1322, Thomas was defeated at the Battle of Boroughbridge, captured by royal forces, and executed for treason. Historians believe the Earl likely visited his grand creation no more than once. 

After the Earl’s execution, Dunstanburgh Castle came under royal control and soon became a key military site. Its strategic coastal location made it an essential defence against potential Scottish invasions. During the 15th century, Dunstanburgh played a crucial role in the bloody civil war between the Lancastrians and Yorkists (the Wars of the Roses), enduring multiple sieges and destruction. Over time, repeated attacks and neglect turned the once-mighty fortress into ruins. 

Despite its decline, Dunstanburgh’s romantic appearance has inspired many artists, including the great J.M.W. Turner, who immortalised the castle in his works. 

During World War II, the medieval ruins found new use as a lookout post. They were surrounded by barbed wire, trenches, and a minefield to guard against a potential German invasion. 

Today, Dunstanburgh Castle is not only a historical monument but also a nature reserve. The ruins and surrounding area are designated as an SSSI (Site of Special Scientific Interest) due to their unique flora and fauna, including rare bird species and amphibians.

Kidwelly Castle: The Norman Feudal Stronghold 

Kidwelly Castle, located in a picturesque valley in southwest Wales in Carmarthenshire, is one of the most striking examples of medieval defensive architecture in Britain. Construction began in the 12th century under the orders of a Norman feudal lord who sought to solidify his control over Wales following the conquest of the territory. Kidwelly witnessed numerous conflicts, including battles between the Normans and Welsh, Welsh and English, English and French, and so on. Despite being captured and damaged multiple times in its early centuries, much of the castle’s original architecture has been preserved. 

By the 15th century, Kidwelly lost its military significance, and by the 16th century, it fell into disrepair and was abandoned. Nonetheless, many elements of its fortifications, such as its massive walls, towers, and gates, remain in good condition today. 

Kidwelly is now one of the most visited historic landmarks in South Wales, though it remains less crowded than other castles like Caernarfon or Conwy. Visitors can explore its spacious courtyards, which once hosted knightly tournaments and troop gatherings. The castle’s towers offer panoramic views of the surrounding countryside, and a walk along the walls provides a glimpse into its past as a key strategic site.

Noble Ruins: Where Else to Go?

Blackness Castle, Scotland: Situated on the shores of the Firth of Forth, this 15th-century fortress witnessed Scottish kings, Cromwell’s army (which took the castle in 1650), and its use as a prison for French prisoners of war in the 18th and 19th centuries. During World War I, it served as a munitions depot.

Oystermouth Castle, Wales: Like Kidwelly, Oystermouth was built by Norman invaders in the 12th century on the site of an older Welsh stronghold. Repeatedly destroyed and rebuilt, Oystermouth is particularly notable for a recent discovery: traces of unique wall paintings over 700 years old.

Pendragon Castle, England: The ruins of this castle are linked to legend, said to have been built by the semi-mythical Uther Pendragon, a 5th-century king of the Britons, leader of resistance against the Anglo-Saxons, and father of King Arthur.

Each of these castles is a portal to long-gone times when disputes were settled with swords, and the world seemed much smaller. Walking through ancient walls is not a history lecture—it’s a conversation with those who once lived here, and they have plenty of stories to tell.